Watt’s Wrong? Addressing Common Electrical Issues Discovered in Home Inspections

All puns aside when it comes to home inspections, electrical issues are among the most crucial concerns. My father is an electrical tech and instilled in me the importance of a well-functioning electrical system for both safety and comfort. In this blog, I’m going to share some of the common electrical problems we encounter during home inspections and impart the valuable advice my father gave me on how to tackle them.

Overloaded Circuits are very common and can result in serious injury and/or damage.

1. Overloaded Circuits

Issue: Overloaded circuits occur when too many devices or appliances are drawing power from a single circuit, which can lead to overheating and potential fire hazards. This is often seen with power strips or extension cords used excessively.

Solution: To address overloaded circuits, consider redistributing the load by moving some devices to different outlets or circuits. It’s best to consult a licensed electrician to upgrade the circuit or install additional circuits if necessary. They can also assess if your electrical panel needs upgrading to handle more power.

2. Old or Outdated Wiring

Issue: Homes with outdated wiring, such as knob-and-tube or aluminum wiring, may pose safety risks. Knob-and-tube wiring, commonly found in homes built before the 1950s, lacks grounding and can be a fire hazard. Aluminum wiring, used from the 1960s to 1970s, can be prone to overheating and connection issues.

Knob and tube wiring systems were there to handle the electronics of the time. It is not designed to handle the demands of modern appliances and electronics. As a result, circuits can become overloaded. This leads to overheating and potential fire hazards.

Aluminum has a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than copper. This means it expands more when heated. Over time, this expansion and contraction can loosen connections, leading to arcing and potential fire hazards.

Solution: If your home has old wiring, it’s crucial to have it inspected and replaced by a professional electrician. Modern wiring standards use copper wiring with proper grounding, which is safer and more reliable. Upgrading your wiring may also improve the overall safety and efficiency of your electrical system.

3. Double Terminated Breakers

A double tapped breaker is when there are two wires under one circuit breaker that is designed for only one wire.

Issue: Double terminated breakers, often referred to as "double tapping," occur when two wires are connected to a single circuit breaker terminal. This issue is common in electrical panels where there is a shortage of available breakers, leading homeowners or electricians to improperly connect multiple wires to one breaker. While some breakers are designed to handle multiple wires, most standard breakers are not. This can result in loose connections, arcing, and even potential fire hazards due to the increased heat generated by the overloaded breaker.

Solution: To address double terminated breakers, it is crucial to first determine whether the existing breaker is rated for multiple wires. If not, the solution involves redistributing the electrical load. This can be done by adding additional breakers to the panel or, in cases where the panel is full, upgrading to a larger panel with more capacity. Another approach is to install a sub-panel to accommodate the extra circuits. For any of these solutions, it is recommended to hire a licensed electrician to ensure the work is performed safely and in compliance with local electrical codes. Properly addressing double terminated breakers not only prevents potential hazards but also ensures the longevity and efficiency of the electrical system in your home.

Electrical shock, shorts, and fires are a few reasons to make sure a faceplate is secured.

3. Uncovered Electrical Boxes

Issue: Electrical boxes that are not properly covered pose a risk of electrical shock and can allow dust and debris to accumulate, potentially leading to shorts or fires.

Solution: Ensure all electrical boxes are covered with the appropriate faceplates. If any boxes are missing covers, replace them immediately. This is a simple but essential safety measure that should be part of routine maintenance.

4. Loose or Exposed Wiring

Overheating of the wires and terminals, can melt the insulation and expose the live wires. Sparks or arcs that can ignite nearby flammable materials, such as wood, paper, or fabric.

Issue: Loose or exposed wiring can be dangerous as it increases the risk of electrical shock and short circuits. It is often found in unfinished areas like basements or attics.

Solution: Secure any loose or exposed wiring by using wire nuts and electrical tape or, ideally, have it properly enclosed in conduit by a licensed electrician. Properly securing and insulating wires will protect them from damage and reduce safety risks.

5. Ground Fault Circuit

GFCI outlets are designed to protect you from electrical shocks. They work by constantly monitoring the flow of electricity in a circuit. If they detect an imbalance, such as electricity flowing through water or a person, they quickly cut off power to prevent injury.

Interrupter (GFCI) Issues

Issue: GFCI outlets are designed to protect against electrical shocks by shutting off power when a fault is detected. In older homes, GFCI outlets might not be installed where required, such as in bathrooms, kitchens, and other damp areas.

Solution: Test existing GFCI outlets to ensure they are working correctly by using the test and reset buttons. If GFCI outlets are not present in required locations, have them installed by a licensed electrician to meet current safety standards.

6. Flickering or Dimming Lights

While it might be as simple as a loose bulb or a fluctuating power grid, the cause can sometimes be more concerning. For instance, loose wiring—a relatively common culprit—can often be an easy fix.

Issue: Flickering or dimming lights can indicate several issues, including a loose bulb, a problem with the light fixture, or more serious issues like faulty wiring or a failing circuit breaker.

Solution: Start by checking if the lightbulb is securely screwed in. If that doesn’t solve the problem, inspect the light fixture for any visible issues. Persistent flickering or dimming should be investigated by an electrician to rule out wiring problems or issues with the circuit breaker.

7. Insufficient Electrical Capacity

The most common reason for a frequently-tripping circuit breaker is a circuit overload.

Issue: An outdated electrical panel may not provide enough power to meet the demands of modern appliances and electronics. Symptoms include frequent tripping of breakers or the need for additional power outlets.

Solution: If your home frequently experiences tripped breakers or if your electrical panel is more than 20 years old, consider having an electrician assess whether an upgrade is necessary. An upgraded panel can provide better safety and support for modern electrical needs.

8. Improperly Installed Outlets

Issue: Outlets that are not installed correctly, such as those that are loose or not properly grounded, can be a safety hazard.

If not installed correctly (ie: wires are not secured to the outlet properly) it can cause arching, and a fire.

Solution: Ensure all outlets are securely mounted and properly grounded. Loose outlets should be repaired or replaced. If you’re unsure about the proper installation of an outlet, it’s best to consult with a licensed electrician.

Ensuring Safety by Addressing Common Electrical Issues

Understanding and addressing common electrical issues like double terminated breakers is essential for maintaining a safe and efficient home. As we've discussed, improper wiring practices can lead to serious hazards, but with the right knowledge and approach, these problems can be effectively resolved. Whether it's redistributing the electrical load, upgrading your panel, or installing GFCI's, the key is to ensure that your electrical system is in good hands. By following the guidance shared in this blog, inspired by the wisdom passed down from my father, you can take proactive steps to safeguard your home against electrical risks. A well-maintained electrical system not only enhances your home's safety but also contributes to its overall comfort and reliability.

**Remember, electrical work can be complex and hazardous, so always prioritize safety and consult with professionals when dealing with electrical issues.**